Geology is the natural science that deals with Earth, the interior make-up, and surficial features, its formative and destructive processes, its age, history and development through time. Earth is the natural habitat of all life including mankind. Urban and land-use planning and efforts to clean up our environment require a sound knowledge of geology and geological processes. Geologists are concerned with a diverse range of issues such as the origin, migration and quality of groundwater, river and coastal erosion, desert-dune migration, the origin and evolution of oceans and continents, of mountain ranges, valleys and canyons. Studies concerning the causes and effects of natural hazards, such as those created by land and rock slides, earthquakes, floods and droughts, and volcanic eruptions all fall within the realm of Geology.
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